Convert XHTML/CSS To Wordpress
When I first decided to convert a static XHTML/CSS design to Wordpress I did some searching for a tutorial to help me get started with the basics. Surprisingly, I didn’t find anything that was very complete or easy to follow. For that reason I decided to write a very basic tutorial on how to convert a static XHTML/CSS template into a Wordpress theme. If you are an absolute beginner at developing Wordpress themes than this should help you get started. This tutorial assumes you already have a basic understanding of XHTML and CSS. It also assumes you have already built a website in XHTML and CSS and have it ready for conversion.
How Wordpress Works
Wordpress works in a rather straightforward manner but it may seem confusing if you are completely new to the concept. Wordpress relies on PHP to call on different parts of your content from the database management system it stands on. For example, look in your /wp-content/themes/classic/ directory and open the header.php file. As you scroll through the code notice the PHP calls, they start with a <? and end with a ?>. Look at line 11 and you will see the call for your stylesheet:
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
@import url( <?php bloginfo('stylesheet_url'); ?>);
</style>
This line uses PHP to look-up your stylesheet’s location from the database. This basic function of retrieving or calling some kind of data from your database and using PHP to display it in your XHTML is how Wordpress works. Throughout this process you will be substituting PHP for different parts of your content and your code. This will make editing easier in the long run, as you will find out. Now that you understand the basics of how Wordpress works, lets get started.
First Things First
The first thing to do is create a new folder and name it whatever you want your theme to be called. Next, create two new files, style.css and index.php and place them in the folder. Believe it or not, these are the only two files you actually need for a Wordpress theme. Now copy and paste the code from your original CSS file into the style.css file you just created. At the top add the following code:
/*
Theme Name: Replace with your Theme's name.
Theme URI: Your Theme's URI
Description: A brief description.
Version: 1.0
Author: You
Author URI: Your website address.
*/
These comments simply help Wordpress properly identify the theme. Your stylesheet is now ready to go.
Chop It Up
Now let’s start chopping up your XHTML. Remember how we talked about Wordpress using PHP to call data from your database? Well Wordpress can also use PHP to call different files from within your template folder. Imagine your current XHTML code chopped up into 4 (or more) different sections. For example, take a look at the layout and corresponding XHTML of this page. The header comes first, followed by the content, then the sidebar, and finally the footer. Instead of keeping these 4 parts of the XHTML together in one file, you are going to put each of them in their own separate file. Then call on them one by one using PHP.
So go ahead and sort through your XHTML code and put some markers in the 4 places where you plan on cutting the code into 4 separate sections.
Note: These next steps assume you have your page set up in the same order as this page: header, content, sidebar, footer. If your page is ordered differently you will have to switch a couple of these steps around, but I am sure you can figure that out.
Now create 3 new files (header.php, sidebar.php, footer.php) and place them in your theme directory. Next take a look at the header.php file from the classic theme we looked at earlier. Notice all the PHP that is used in between the <head> tags. You will want to keep most of this code, so just copy the whole <head> section into your new header.php file. Now open up your original XHTML file and copy the code you marked off for your header (1st section) into your new header.php file (underneath the <head> section). Save and close.
Now open up your new index.php file. Copy the second part of your original XHTML code, the content (2nd section) into your new index.php file. Save and close.
Getting the hang of it?
Next open up your new sidebar.php file, copy the sidebar (3rd section) of your original code into the sidebar.php file. Finally, copy the original footer (4th section) of code into your new footer.php file.
Put It Back Together
Your original code should now be chopped up into 4 different files (header.php, index.php, sidebar.php, footer.php). Let’s put it back together using a few lines of PHP. Open up your index.php file, it should contain the XHTML from the content (2nd section) of your original code. Add this line at the very top of the file:
<?php get_header(); ?>
Now go to the absolute bottom of your index.php file and add these two lines:
<?php get_sidebar(); ?>
<?php get_footer(); ?>
These 3 simple lines of PHP are telling Wordpress to fetch and display your header.php, sidebar.php, and footer.php files within your index.php file. Your code is officially put back together. Now if you want to edit your sidebar you can just edit your sidebar.php file, instead of sorting through your index.php to find it. The same goes for your header.php and your footer.php.
The Loop
Your index.php is almost finished. The final step is to insert the actual content into the code. Luckily, Wordpress uses PHP for this as well. The Loop is the PHP function Wordpress uses to call and display your posts from the database they are saved in. Look in your /wp-content/themes/classic/ directory and open the file index.php file. Copy everything in between <?php get_header(); ?> and <?php get_footer(); ?> to your clipboard. Now paste it into your new theme’s index.php file inside of whichever div you are using to hold your content. You just inserted a basic version of the loop into your code. Wordpress will use the loop to display your posts and comments on your website.
The End
Now upload your theme folder to /wp-content/themes/. Then log into Wordpress and activate your theme. Wasn’t that easy?
This tutorial covered the basics for converting your theme to Wordpress. To further customize and enhance your theme start looking at the Wordpress Codex, specifically Template Tags and Template Files. You can use template tags in your sidebar, in your header, or your footer to call menus, categories, posts, etc. As you learn more about template tags and template files you will discover the endless possiblities for customizing your new Wordpress blog.
wandering_nomad
I’m glad you made this, it’s certainly helpful to me, someone with little/no knowledge about PHP.
Cate
You are my new hero.
Michael Spence
Okay, that takes care of the styling. How about pre-existing articles and comments? How can I place them in the WP database?
Drew Strojny
Michael: Check out the Importing Content page from the Codex. Also, look under the Import tab in the administration panel.
William Brown
Thanks for writing up this tutorial. This is exactly what I was looking for. Keep up the good work.
Abbey
Given the simplicity of your directions, I had pretty much convinced myself there was no way my journal was going to come out with the same design as the rest of my html-based website… but I was pleasantly surprised. Just wanted to say thanks
Michael Josh
Your article couldn’t have come at a better time. I don’t know how I’d have been able to do it without your guidance, thank you so very much.
The site is great. Design is clean and stylish. Especially love the main (left) content column, how the headings complement the HRs, and the way comments appear in idividual boxes. Just beautiful!
Matt Levenhagen
Great Tutorial! Thanks for putting it together. It helped me successfully convert one of my templates into a WordPress theme… and I have a feeling it won’t be my last.
Very cool.
Sean
AWESOME!
This couldn’t be laid out any better! Great job, and thanks for all the help.
Ron
Wow, that’s precisely what I needed to get my xhtml/css design into wordpress. Thanks!
brendan
Ahhhh…. this article is such a relief. I was trying to adjust all my css div names to match the Wordpress ids. This is so much easier. Thanks!!
Abdel
Great tutorial mate… really much appreciated
Paul Nilsen
This is easily the most straight forward and easy to understand tutorial on this subject.
Thank you very much for providing such well laid out instructions.
Josh H
D-Man, you are a GOD. This is by far the easiest tutorial I’ve seen, and I was beginning to give up hope on being able to integrate Wordpress with my existing site. I’m giving you full props for this save in my code–thanks just doesn’t say enough!
Please let me know if there’s anything I can help you with in terms of page design. Take care!
Ashley
Wow! Thank you so much!!! Really helpful and well written, thank you!
Nick
Fantastic tutorial - worked first time!
John McFarlane
Great tutorial, I’ve not used PHP or Wordpress for longer than 10 minutes, but this was easy to follow and seemed straight forward.
Thanks very much.
John
BK
Thanks for taking the time to write this. Greatly appreciated.
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